Primary focal hyperhidrosis can affect many body parts, and some are more easily treated than others. For some locations, like the hands, there are several treatment options available. Anything from antiperspirants to iontophoresis for palmar hyperhidrosis can be utilized to treat hyperhidrotic skin. Unfortunately, other areas, especially the face and groin, are harder to treat because of the sensitive nature of the skin on those parts of the body. These areas also present a challenge because they are so important to human functioning. Any treatments used to treat the skin of the face and groin must not cause too much further discomfort because those areas are crucial to daily function, and because they can be easily damaged. This is why it is so important for patients to understand their treatment options and the products available to them. For those who suffer from craniofacial hyperhidrosis and excessive groin sweat, there are antiperspirants and other treatments available that are able to reduce sweating without causing damage to sensitive skin.

The Ingredients in Over-the-Counter Antiperspirants and How They Affect Skin

Over-the-counter topical treatments for hyperhidrosis are the first-line options for both craniofacial and groin sweating.[1] However, finding an antiperspirant that is both effective and appropriate for sensitive skin can be a challenge. It is important to remember that before applying any antiperspirant to a sensitive area, it is a good idea to manage hyperhidrosis with a doctor and get their approval before trying a new treatment, even if it is over-the-counter. Before trying any new product on sensitive skin, test it on another area of the body to make sure no allergic reactions or irritation occur as a result.

It is important to understand the different kinds of antiperspirants available on the market before discussing specific products. The most common types of antiperspirants used to treat hyperhidrosis contain aluminum chloride or aluminum chloride hexahydrate. Aluminum is thought to work by obstructing eccrine sweat gland ducts so that sweat productions is limited. The metal ions in the aluminum interact with other molecules in the skin in such a way that the epithelial cells in sweat glands are damaged and form a sort of plug. It is highly effective at reducing sweat production. Some studies have found that aluminum chloride can be quite irritating, making it tricky to use on sensitive areas. Doctors may recommend using 1% hydrocortisone cream to treat irritation caused by aluminum chloride. Antiperspirants with aluminum chloride hexahydrate are usually clinical strength. These may be necessary if aluminum chloride alone is not effective. In order to make products with these ingredients work more effectively, it is important for users to apply them at night to allow a plug to form.[1]

One of the drawbacks of using aluminum chloride or aluminum chloride hexahydrate is that they can be very irritating. One study found that when mixed with salicylic acid, aluminum chloride hexahydrate produced much less irritation and still effectively reduced sweating. Some products now use both of these ingredients together in order to reduce side effects.[1]

Newer, clinical strength over-the-counter antiperspirants often use an ingredient called aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex or aluminum chlorohydrate to reduce sweating associated with hyperhidrosis. These products have been shown to provide more sweat protection and cause less irritation than aluminum chloride products. Aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex blocks sweat ducts in a similar way to aluminum chloride, but at a more superficial level. It also produces much less HCl, the chemical that causes skin irritation, than typical aluminum chloride formulations. These newer products may provide a solution for people with sweating in more sensitive areas.[1]

Another active ingredient called aluminum sesquichlorohydrate is now being used in some of the newest antiperspirants on the market. It is said to cause less irritation but still effectively reduces sweating. Currently there are no major studies corroborating its effectiveness although these may come in the future.

Antiperspirants for the Face and Groin

There are several antiperspirant options for people with craniofacial hyperhidrosis and for people who experience excessive groin sweating. When choosing an antiperspirant for facial sweating there are two options: to use an antiperspirant originally designed for another part of the body, or to use an antiperspirant designed specifically for the face. There have been no official studies on the effectiveness of antiperspirants in the treatment of craniofacial hyperhidrosis.[3] However, antiperspirants are effectively used by many to manage facial sweating. The skin around the groin area can be just as sensitive as the skin of the face. There are no products that are currently marketed specifically for use in the perineal region, but listed below are antiperspirants that can be safely used on both the face and the groin. Before trying any of these products, speak to a dermatologist. Finding the right antiperspirant may require trial and error, but it can make a big difference in a person’s quality of life. Antiperspirants on one of the most effective ways to reduce and stop excessive face sweating and groin sweating, so it is worth the effort to find the right one.

There is a product on the market that claims to specifically reduce facial sweating. It is marketed towards women who wear makeup, as a way to prevent sweat from ruining their look. They can, however, be useful for anyone who struggles with a sweaty face. Here is a look:

Neat Feat 3B Face Saver Antiperspirant Gel for Facial Perspiration and Shine - This product is available on Amazon. It is specifically designed for use on the face and it’s active ingredient is 17.5% aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex glycine. This would fall into the category of the newer, clinical strength antiperspirants previously mentioned.

This is a list of antiperspirants that can be safely used on the face on the face or groin. These antiperspirants are marketed for sensitive skin and contain active ingredients that have scientifically shown to be effective:

Duradry PM 10.5mL Gel Unscented - This product has an active ingredient called aluminum chloride hexahydrate mixed with salicylic acid. As mentioned above, this combination can reduce irritation caused by aluminum chloride hexahydrate.

Carpe Lotion - This product uses Aluminum Sesquichlorohydrate, a newer formulation that is said to reduce irritation and be effective for treating excessive sweating. It is not specifically marketed for use on the face, but it is sold as being appropriate for sensitive skin.

ZeroSweat Lotion Antiperspirant - This is marketed on Amazon as usable for facial sweating, but this does not appear in writing on the bottle. This product also uses Aluminum Sesquichlorohydrate to minimize irritation and reduce sweating.

SweatBlock Antiperspirant - Clinical Strength - This product uses aluminum chloride hexahydrate. It is marketed as a “strong antiperspirant”. It doesn’t contain anything to reduce irritation from the active ingredient, so it should only be tried after using other, less irritating products. This may be helpful for those who suffer from more severe sweating who are trying one more OTC product before moving on to other treatment options.

A new type of antiperspirant application has recently hit the market, specifically, companies are using antiperspirant wipes to help people apply antiperspirant more easily. Carpe antiperspirant wipes, in particular, are made to be safe for sensitive skin and could be beneficial for those who have excessive sweating on the face or groin. The wipes make the product easier to apply and it leaves less residue than other types of antiperspirants. Carpe antiperspirant wipes use 15% aluminum chlorohydrate which is a newer generation antiperspirant that is thought to produce less irritation than older active ingredients.[1][4]

Sweating on either the face or groin can cause sufferers to experience the anxiety that often accompanies hyperhidrosis. While these antiperspirants are not perfect, they may allow sweat sufferers to find quick relief from a non invasive and safe source. If over-the-counter antiperspirants do not provide enough relief, then patients should look into trying some of the other medical treatment options that are available, as well as incorporating anxiety reduction techniques that can reduce sweating into their routine. Choosing clothes that are lightweight and breathable can also help, and there are specific clothes that are best for dealing with excessive sweat. Most people can find relief, it often just a matter of experimenting and finding the product that works.[4]

If you are wondering why you sweat from your face so much, there may be several reasons. The same is true for groin sweating. Read up on the causes of these conditions to get a better understanding of why you are struggling.

Sources

1. Pariser, D. M. (2014). Hyperhidrosis (4th ed., Vol. 32). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
2. Wollery-Lloyd, H., MD, & Valins, W. (2009). Aluminum Chloride Hexahydrate in a Salicylic Acid Gel: A Novel Topical Agent for Hyperhidrosis with Decreased Irritation. Clinical Aesthetic Dermatology, 2(6). Retrieved September 17, 2018.
3. Nicholas, R., Quddus, A., & Baker, D. M. (2015). Treatment of Primary Craniofacial Hyperhidrosis: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 16(5), 361-370. doi:10.1007/s40257-015-0136-6
4. Innovation Counter. (2018). Final Product Profile Carpe Antiperspirant Wipes [Brochure]. North Carolina: Author.
5. Huddle, J. R. (2014). Hyperhidrosis: Causes, Treatment Options and Outcomes. New York, NY: Nova Science.

Humans have been using scents to mask the smell of body odor for thousands of years. Soap was invented by the Phoenicians in 600 B.C. and ancient Egyptians bathed in perfumed water to mask their scent. Sweat glands were not discovered until the late 1800’s, up until that point people did not understand the association between body odor and underarms.[1] Humans have two kinds of sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine. Eccrine glands are found all over the body, but apocrine glands, which produce a thicker type of sweat, are only located in the armpits and groin area. The sweat produced by apocrine glands has a high concentration of proteins and fatty acids, and it is actually odorless. Bacteria live on the surface of the skin, especially in the axillary region, and they break down apocrine sweat into isovaleric acid and androsterone, which give off an unpleasant odor.[2] In response to the foul smell produced by underarm bacteria, the modern era of underarm technology began. In the late 1800’s deodorant was invented, and 15 years later antiperspirant was created.[1] Today, people all over the world use these products, and many are confused about what the difference between them actually is. The basic difference is this: deodorant kills bacteria on the surface of the skin and masks body odor with a scent while antiperspirant actually stops the production of sweat.[3]

What Antiperspirant Does

Antiperspirants are often used as a way to manage sweat, as they are able to stop its production. For those who have overactive sweat glands, or suffer from a condition called hyperhidrosis, antiperspirant is a critical tool. Most antiperspirants use aluminum salts as an active ingredient, specifically aluminum chloride or aluminum chloride hexahydrate. Scientists are unsure of the exact way in which aluminum salts block sweat glands. Sweat glands look like tubes that open up to the skin, and it is thought that aluminum salts contain metal ions which interact with molecules in epithelial tissue within the sweat glands. This interaction damages the lining of sweat gland cells and forms a plug that blocks sweat output. Sweat can still build up behind the plug, but it can’t reach the surface of the skin as it is mechanically blocked, and it is eventually reabsorbed by the body. Some clinical strength products use aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex as an active ingredient. It is thought to act in a similar way as aluminum chloride, but the plug formed by aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex is more superficial. Other antiperspirants use an even newer active ingredient called aluminum sesquichlorohydrate which is thought to be less irritating. The large selection of products can make it challenging to choose the right over-the-counter antiperspirant, but they all provide the same end game. No matter what the active ingredient they use, all antiperspirants stop sweat from forming on the surface of the skin.[4]

Several years ago there was a controversy over the aluminum contained in antiperspirant products. People were worried that aluminum antiperspirants cause cancer. However, that worry has since been disproved, as several studies have been done to determine if there is a correlation between the two. In recent years, the FDA and the National Cancer Institute put statements out declaring that aluminum is not linked to cancer. In fact, antiperspirants are actually considered drugs, as opposed to deodorants which are not, and are therefore regulated by the FDA.[5]

What Deodorant Does

Deodorants are used to eliminate the bacteria that live on the skin and mask the odor they produce. This is done by combining an antimicrobial agent to kill bacteria and a fragrance to mask any foul smells.[5] Many deodorants use an ingredient called triclosan to fight bacteria, and it is suspended in a propylene glycol gel and thickened with sodium stearate.[1] Ingredients like triclosan target an enzyme found in bacteria cell membranes, the enzyme is used only in bacterial cells and not human cells, which allows it to kill bacteria.[5] Many people assume that deodorants are safer than antiperspirants, but the FDA has put the chemical triclosan on notice, as they are concerned that it may be carcinogenic. Most studies show that triclosan is a safe ingredient, but further research is needed. Triclosan is used in other antibacterial products like soap and toothpaste.[7] There is also a concern that triclosan may be a factor in bacterial resistance, which is becoming more and more problematic.[6] This has led some people to use more natural deodorants with ingredients like baking soda and essential oils, which can be made at home.[7]

Combination Products

Many products combine both deodorant and antiperspirant into one, so that they have a product that can prevent sweat, kill bacteria, and mask any smells that do occur.[7] These products are especially useful for people who have conditions that cause them to produce stinky sweat or too much sweat, like bromhidrosis and hyperhidrosis respectively. Each person has different needs based on the amount of sweat they produce, how irritated their skin becomes, and how stinky their sweat is. In some cases, deodorant is the best option, and in others an antiperspirant, or combination product is needed.[4]

When to Use Which Product

Now that you understand what antiperspirants and deodorants do, it is important to know when it is appropriate to use each product. As antiperspirants actually prevent sweating, they are most useful for people who sweat excessively. Antiperspirant is actually the first line treatment for hyperhidrosis, a condition in which people sweat excessively from various parts of their body. For people dealing with a normal amount of day to day sweating, however, antiperspirant is not usually necessary. It is considered to be a drug by the FDA so it is probably best not to use it if you don’t need to.[4]

Deodorant is something that the average person is more likely to benefit from. That is because everyone has bacteria in their underarms that produce body odor. While deodorants do contain bacteria-killing chemicals, they are generally thought to be safer than antiperspirants. However, many people don’t like the fact that deodorants have unnecessary chemicals at all, and they may want to opt for a more natural option. There are many recipes online that teach you how to make your own deodorant in your kitchen if you prefer not to have to use mainstream deodorants for that reason. Overall, deodorant provides odor protection that is pleasant and most people tend to lean towards using some form of deodorant.[6]

Combination products are great for some people and bad for others. They are convenient because they combine two products that would otherwise have to be bought and applied separately. For some people, however, combination products can be limiting. They may contain one ingredient that works for you and another ingredient that irritates you. When someone is especially sensitive to products, it may be harder to find a combination product that works. In that case it is preferable to find a separate antiperspirant and deodorant that don’t cause irritation and use them in combination with each other.

Deodorants and antiperspirants tackle the same problem in different ways, and each product has its place. Thanks to these products, people today smell much better now than they did in ancient times.

Sources

1. Ramirez, A. (1990, August). All About/Deodorants; The Success of Sweet Smell. New York Times. Retrieved October 3, 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/12/business/all-about-deodorants-the-success-of-sweet-smell
2. Huddle, J. R. (2014). Hyperhidrosis: Causes, Treatment Options and Outcomes. New York, NY: Nova Science.
3. Zirwas, M. J., & Moennich, J. (2008). Antiperspirant and Deodorant Allergy Diagnosis and Management. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 1(3), 38-43. Retrieved October 3, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3013594/
4. Pariser, D. M. (2014). Hyperhidrosis (4th ed., Vol. 32). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
5. How do antiseptic soaps work? (2009). Retrieved October 3, 2018, from http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=2168
6. Feltman, R. (2015, September). How deodorant makes you stink less. Washington Post. Retrieved October 3, 2018, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2015/09/21/how-deodorant-makes-you-stink-less/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.4a62ab6edd98

Many people are worried about whether antiperspirant is safe, especially because it is so widely used. So, what does antiperspirant do to your body and is it bad for you? In the late 2000’s, a viral email was sent out in a mass blast discussing a correlation between antiperspirants with aluminum as an ingredient, which is a typical ingredient in over-the-counter topical treatments for hyperhidrosis, and the emergence of breast cancer. This email was forwarded to millions of individuals around the world, and the email made three primary claims:

1. The aluminum in the antiperspirants that was applied to the underarms and under the breast was likely to enter the breast tissue through the skin, remain present in the breast tissue, and create a toxic imbalance of aluminum that led to cancerous cell division.
2. The aluminum would also enter the skin through micro-abrasions caused by a razor when shaving, travel into the lymph nodes, and block the lymph nodes from releasing any toxic substances the body would typically release via sweat.
3. Since women were more likely to shave their armpits and create the microabrasions, the aluminum build-up would be higher in women and be a contributing factor in what made women develop breast cancer at a higher rate than men. [1] [2]

In order to provide an unbiased review of the 3 claims regarding aluminum and cancer, each claim will be evaluated solely the scientific evidence on the topic provided by three non-profit organizations: the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, and WebMD.

Claim 1: Aluminum Enters the Tissue via the Skin and Causes Cancer

The email’s first claim is that active ingredients in antiperspirants, such as aluminum compounds like aluminum chlorohydrate, enter the breast tissue and lead to cancer. To stop sweat, these aluminum compounds block the sweat glands to prevent sweat from getting to the surface of the skin. Some hypotheses in cancer research have suggested these aluminum compounds might be absorbed by the skin and then create changes in the breast’s estrogen receptor cells. Since estrogen may promote the growth of both cancer and non-cancer breast cells, a few scientists have suggested that the aluminum-based ingredients in antiperspirants are a risk for catalyzing the growth of cancerous breast cells. However, no concrete evidence exists that the aluminum that enters the sweat gland is absorbed into the skin. One research trial that studied aluminum absorption from antiperspirants containing aluminum chlorohydrate applied to the underarms discovered that only a miniscule amount (0.012%) of aluminum chlorohydrate was absorbed. The actual aluminum absorbed according to this study and other studies is actually much less than the amount of aluminum a person absorbs just from eating typical foods with aluminum. Furthermore, no evidence indicates that breast cancer tissue contains more aluminum than healthy breast tissue. A study that observed women with breast cancer found no real difference in the concentration of aluminum between the cancer and the surrounding healthy tissue. [1][2][3]

The Verdict:

Evidence shows that aluminum does not enter the skin to a tissue-deep level or collect in the tissue. Additionally, even if the aluminum were to build up in the tissue (evidence indicates it does not), no ties between aluminum and breast cancer are shown.

Claim 2: Aluminum Particles Known as Parabens Enter the Tissue via Microabrasions and Sweat Glands, then Block Lymph Nodes from Removing Toxins

In addition to the claim surrounding aluminum, the email also claims the aluminum-based antiperspirant contains parabens that prevent lymph nodes from disposing of toxic waste. Since lymph nodes assist the body in removing possible threats to the body like viruses and bacteria, making sure all lymph nodes are functioning properly is a critical part of maintaining a healthy immune system. However, these lymph nodes are unrelated to sweating. First, lymph nodes do not release waste or toxins through sweating, and prohibiting sweating via aluminum would not affect their function. Most cancer-causing substances that enter the body are removed from the blood by either the lymph nodes or the kidneys, then flushed through the urinary tract. Second, and more importantly, lymph nodes are not even connected to sweat glands. Sweat glands are located in the skin, whereas the lymph nodes are distributed throughout key points throughout the body in a tissue level below the skin-deep positioning of the sweat glands. [1][3]

Some individuals would argue that since the majority of breast cancer cases emerge in the portion of the breast closest to the underarm (axillary) region, the parabens are driving these cases of breast cancer. However, the fact that this portion of the breast tissue has the largest mass by far means that this portion of the breast will naturally have more developments of cancer. Since the lymph nodes found throughout the breasts play a key role in the process of cleaning the blood, this area is naturally larger in mass. The underarm (axillary) nodes filter most of the liquid lymph flowing out of the breast before it goes back into the body's bloodstream. These nodes are under the arm, in the upper outer portion of the breast, and near the collarbone. The percentage of cancers in the higher outer part of the breast is proportionate to the breast tissue in that portion. There is no evidence to suggest that the location of cancers within the breast is related to using antiperspirants or underarm shaving. [1][2][3]

The Verdict:

Parabens do not enter the lymph nodes through the skin, and the lymph nodes do not even utilize sweating as a means to eliminate toxins.

Claim 3: Aluminum Percentages are Higher in Women and Correlates to Higher Breast Cancer Rates in Women

Breast cancer development rates are directly correlated to the mass of breast tissue. Research has shown that aluminum rates do not hold a statistically significant impact on breast cancer development. When compared to males, females have approximately 100 times the mass of breast tissue as males, and uncoincidentally, develop approximately 100 times the amount of breast cancer cases as males. Additionally, males are 100 times less likely than females to develop breast cancer since males have one one-hundredth the mass of breast tissue that women have. Furthermore, hormones also affect breast cancer development. Males with genetic and metabolic conditions that lead to increased estrogen levels possess a greater risk of developing breast cancer. This correlation and the research surrounding the relationship between estrogen and breast cancer highlights a natural connection between estrogen and breast cancer rates. [1][2][3]

The Verdict:

Females have the nearly identical amount of aluminum in their tissue as males, and the frequency of breast cancer diagnoses are correlated to the mass of breast tissue.

Conclusion:

Since the idea that there is no link between aluminum antiperspirants and cancer is also supported by the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, WebMD, and dozens of other non-profit organizations, the factual links to aluminum and cancer are nonexistent. Considering that these non-profit organizations operate with a primary goal of researching cancer to discover prevention and treatment methods for the disease, these organizations value discovering and spreading scientific truth over any potential profits made from scams surrounding antiperspirants. After considering that both private sector and public sector non-profit groups that have spent hundreds of millions of dollars researching a potential link between aluminum and cancer have also agreed the link is simply nonexistent, nearly no credible evidence or organization stands behind the faulty belief that aluminum antiperspirants cause cancer. [2][3] Don't be afraid to use over-the-counter topical treatments to treat your hyperhidrosis or to manage it with a doctor. Many people don't even know what antiperspirant does and how it is different from deodorant, so claims about antiperspirant causing cancer may lead many unimformed people to fear a safe and effective treatment. You need to advocate for your own health and learn everything there is to know about hyperhidrosis and its potential treatments in order to make informed decisions about your medical care.

Sources

1. Antiperspirants and Breast Cancer Risk. (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2018, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/antiperspirants-and-breast-cancer-risk
2. Antiperspirants/Deodorants and Breast Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved June 27, 2018, from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/antiperspirant-fact-sheet
3. Watson, S. (n.d.). Antiperspirant Safety: Should You Sweat It? Retrieved July 28, 2018, from https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and- treatments/features/antiperspirant-facts-safety#1

Hyperhidrosis is a disorder that causes excessive sweating. It often creates a sense of discomfort and embarrassment for sufferers and it affects millions of people. According to an article in the journal of Dermatological Clinics, approximately 2.8% of people have some form of hyperhidrosis. That is an estimated 7.8 million people in the US alone![1] Other sources suggest that hyperhidrosis is even more prevalent than the current estimates show..[2]

Fortunately, many medical solutions are currently available to help reduce excessive sweating. Antiperspirant, which can be found over-the-counter, is one of the most effective treatments for hyperhidrosis. It is also the first solution that most dermatologists will recommend for their patients. This is because antiperspirant contains an active ingredient that reduces sweat production. Antiperspirants are available over-the-counter and there are even prescription strength antiperspirants you can buy without a prescription.[1]

Many people don’t realize what antiperspirant is or how it differs from deodorant, but they are quite different. The FDA regulates antiperspirant because the active ingredients in it are considered to be drugs, while deodorant is not as strictly regulated. Deodorant is made up of an antibacterial component and a scent which is used to mask the smell of body odor. This can be helpful, especially because deodorant kills bacteria on the skin that cause sweat to smell bad, but it won’t prevent excessive sweating.[2] Sometimes, people find prescription strength deodorant helpful, but they don’t actually reduce sweating. Often, deodorants for hyperhidrosis are combined with an antiperspirant, these are called antiperspirant deodorant. These combination products work well for some, but in certain situations it’s necessary to use separate products, especially in cases that involve moderate to severe hyperhidrosis.

What is in Antiperspirant?

Antiperspirant is a substance that can be applied to the skin in order to reduce sweating. It can be challenging to choose the right over-the-counter antiperspirant because there are so many different options available. However, understanding the active ingredients in antiperspirant can make the decision easier. Most antiperspirants use a type of metallic salt as an active ingredient. This is because they form a superficial plug inside of sweat glands which stops sweat from escaping to the surface of the skin. Aluminum chloride is the most common active ingredient found in antiperspirants and it is usually quite effective. Newer, clinical strength, products often use aluminum chloride hexahydrate or zirconium trichlorohydrex as an active ingredient. These are usually used when aluminum chloride has not provided enough relief or if it causes too much irritation. All of these active ingredients reduce sweating in a similar way, but the clinical strength antiperspirants are thought to be slightly more powerful and less irritating.[1]

Antiperspirants Available Over-the-Counter

For many, physician or dermatologist intervention may not be necessary. Instead, simply purchasing a clinical strength antiperspirant over-the-counter can be a good first step to address your hyperhidrosis. To help decide which antiperspirant may be right for you, we have compiled information on five of the most popular antiperspirants specifically made to address hyperhidrosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an unbiased review of hyperhidrosis treatments, and no organization has paid or otherwise endorsed us to comment on their product. These products are all antiperspirants and don’t contain prescription strength deodorant. For each product, we will present information on five categories:

• Treatment Area: Which area of the body this product is supposed to be applied?
• Type: Is the product in stick, roll-on, lotion, or wipe form?
• Application Instructions: how often to apply the product, when to apply the product, what to avoid when applying the product.
• Active Sweat-Reduction Ingredients: What form of aluminum is in the product? What is the percentage of the aluminum in the product?
• Price: How much is the product? How long will the product last until I must purchase it again?

Carpe

Carpe is an antiperspirant designed to reduce excessive sweating on specific parts of the body for people with hyperhidrosis. Originally, Carpe had both a hand solution and a foot solution. Both solutions are identical in terms of chemical composition. They have more recently come out with sweat solutions for the face, breast, underarms, and groin. The traditional solutions are lotions, and each lotion utilizes the active ingredient aluminum sesquichlorohydrate. The mixture of 15% aluminum sesquichlorohydrate with 85% moisturizing creams works to reduce sweat while avoiding irritating the hands and feet. Although Carpe is specifically bottled for the [3]

CertainDri (Prescription Strength)

Certain Dri is designed as a treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis (underarms). Certain Dri offers three types of antiperspirant, but their highest type, prescription strength antiperspirant, is best suited for addressing cases of hyperhidrosis. This product, Certain Dri Prescription Strength, is an over-the-counter antiperspirant that is made of 12% aluminum chloride and 88% moisturizing and anti-irritating solutions. The antiperspirant is considered a roll-on solution, and Certain Dri’s website recommends that the user apply the product at night to dry skin in order to see the best results. Most people will need to apply the product every other night, although the product may need to be applied nightly or every third night depending on your personal needs. A 1.2 ounce package of Certain Dri Prescription Strength sells for $8.86, and the product will most likely last 5-6 weeks when used every other night.[4]

DuraDry

Like Certain Dri, DuraDry is also designed to treat underarm sweating for those with hyperhidrosis. DuraDry is considered a stick antiperspirant, meaning that the solution is a solid block, like deodorant, rather than a liquid or gel solution in a tube (roll-on). When purchasing DuraDry, It’s highly recommended to purchase both DuraDry Am and DuraDry PM. While using DuraDry PM , the user applies a stronger antiperspirant consisting of 15% aluminum chloride and 85% moisturizing and anti-irritating ingredients in the evening. The next morning, the user applies the weaker antiperspirant and deodorant combination in DuraDry AM. DuraDry AM consists of 20% aluminum zirconium and 80% moisturizing and deodorizing compounds. Although a package of DuraDry is $37.00, the fact that the solution is estimated to last for 200 underarm applications means DuraDry will most likely last at least 4-5 months. DuraDry also has prescription strength antiperspirants available.[5]

SweatBlock

SweatBlock is an antiperspirant wipe that allows the user to reduce sweating and treat axillary hyperhidrosis. However, SweatBlock users have reported that the wipes work to reduce sweating on other regions of the body, and possibly could be used for [6]

ZeroSweat

ZeroSweat is a hyperhidrosis formula that offers two solutions - one to address palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis (hands and feet), and a second method to treat axillary (underarms) hyperhidrosis. The first product, the antiperspirant for hands and feet, is a lotion that is applied typically 2-3 times per day on an as needed basis. The second product, the antiperspirant for axillary hyperhidrosis, is applied on a daily basis. The underarm product is estimated to last 3 months, whereas the hand lotion will most likely last 4-8 weeks. The price for a bottle of ZeroSweat hand lotion is $9.95, and the stick antiperspirant is $14.95.[7]

Besides the products detailed above, there are many antiperspirant products on the market that can help those with hyperhidrosis. Several brands have both a regular strength and prescription strength antiperspirant product. Some brands may also advertise a prescription strength deodorant. Many antiperspirants can be used on problem areas they weren't originally intended for. This can be helpful for people who have excessive sweating in areas other than the hands, feet, and armpits. There are even options for people who need antiperspirant for sensitive areas like the face and groin.[8] Antiperspirant is also a solution doctors often propose when [1] It is also important not to apply antiperspirant right after showering because the water will make it harder for antiperspirant to sink into skin. However, antiperspirant does need to be applied to clean skin, so cleaning your skin, removing any other products, and waiting for it to dry before applying your daily antiperspirant is your best bet.

Dealing with Antiperspirant Issues

Antiperspirant is a lifesaver for many people with hyperhidrosis, but it can cause some functional issues. For example, it can stain clothing. Luckily, there are ways to get antiperspirant out of clothes so that it doesn’t destroy your wardrobe. Stains are already an issue for those who deal with armpit sweating, so it is always a good idea to know how to remove armpit stains from clothing as well. Some people also struggle to remove antiperspirant from skin, but it can be removed by showering with warm water and using a baking soda solution on the affected areas. If you feel like antiperspirant is helping you to reduce sweating but you are still having issues with body odor then you may want to check out a deodorant to use on top of your antiperspirant. This can be a regular deodorant or a prescription strength deodorant.

Sources

1. Pariser, D. M. (2014). Hyperhidrosis (4th ed., Vol. 32). Amsterdam: Elsevier Pub. Co., 2014. Retrieved from https://www.elsevier.com/books/hyperhidrosis-an-issue-of-dermatologic-clinics/pariser/978-0-323-32607-0
2. Zirwas, M. J., & Moennich, J. (2008). Antiperspirant and Deodorant Allergy Diagnosis and Management. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 1(3), 38-43. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3013594/
3. Clutch Inc. (n.d.). Antiperspirant for Sweaty Hands & Feet. Retrieved May 24, 2018, from https://www.carpelotion.com/
4. Certain Dri Inc. (n.d.). Certain Dri® is here for you. Retrieved May 24, 2018, from https://www.certaindri.com/
5. DuraDry Inc. (n.d.). Stop Armpit Sweat - Prevent Excessive Armpit Sweating | Duradry. Retrieved May 24, 2018, from https://www.duradry.com/
6. SweatBlock Inc. (n.d.). Stop Excessive Sweating and stay dry with Sweatblock! Retrieved June 20, 2018, from https://www.sweatblock.com/
7. ZeroSweat. (n.d.). Stop Excessive Sweating. Retrieved May 24, 2018, from https://www.zerosweat.com
8. Not Just for Underarms. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2018, from https://www.sweathelp.org/hyperhidrosis-treatments/antiperspirants/not-just-for-underarms

For years, hyperhidrosis treatment required multiple visits to a doctor or dermatologist. Individuals often had little choice but to dedicate ample amounts of time and money to hyperhidrosis treatment at a medical facility. However, an increased focus in hyperhidrosis research and product development has produced methods to treat hyperhidrosis in the comfort of your own home. Fortunately, there are two effective medical methods to manage your hyperhidrosis at home: iontophoresis treatments and OTC treatments. Additionally, there are non-medical and behavioral approaches to manage your hyperhidrosis via alternative methods.

Method 1: Iontophoresis Sessions with a Personal Iontophoresis Machine

Iontophoresis is a treatment for palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis. It is a method that utilizes mild electrical currents to restrict the activity of the sweat glands in the human body, is a popular choice for many individuals seeking a non-invasive solution to hyperhidrosis. The shock the iontophoresis machine delivers is neither harmful or painful, and iontophoresis has been used for years by trained medical professionals.

Historically, iontophoresis has been administered by professionals at a doctor’s office or a sports therapy center; however, many individuals are now choosing to conduct iontophoresis treatments in their own residences. Similar to iontophoresis sessions at a doctor’s office, more and more individuals are choosing to purchase their own iontophoresis machines and conduct these iontophoresis treatment sessions in their homes . [1],[1]

Advantages and Disadvantages of Iontophoresis at Home:

Advantages to this method of iontophoresis include the convenience of doing treatments in your own home, as well as an eventual decrease in cost from avoiding the pay-per-session model of iontophoresis at a doctor’s office. When managing iontophoresis with a doctor, the session can only occur during the hours that the doctor’s office is open. Since many individuals would have to alter their work schedules several times a month to make an iontophoresis appointment during regular business hours, the cost of spending your valuable time in a doctor’s office can be quite high. Additionally, iontophoresis sessions can be quite expensive when done with a doctor. If you have attempted iontophoresis before and are confident it will work for you, investing in an iontophoresis machine could save you hundreds of dollars over time. [2],[3]

However, this upfront cost of a personal iontophoresis machine can be quite expensive. Typically, a complete iontophoresis kit can cost anywhere from $300-800 dollars, depending on the brand and the level of care the machine will provide. Before purchasing an iontophoresis machine, be sure to understand your potential purchase.

Method 2: Over-the-Counter Topical Treatments

Before seeking a prescription medicine to help stop hyperhidrosis, trying an "over-the-counter" topical solution for hyperhidrosis may be a sound decision.

Currently, there are several topical treatments and solutions that contain lower percentages of the same aluminum compounds found in prescription creams that can be purchased in both online and retail settings.[1]

Many times, people with hyperhidrosis struggle with stains on their clothing - due to either sweat or antiperspirant. Luckily, there are effectivemethods to remove armpit stains and strategies to get antiperspirant out of clothes Sometimes antiperspirant can be difficult to wash off, so there are special steps you can follow to remove antipersirant from your skin. The process involves making a paste to apply in the shower which you can then rinse off. Antiperspirant can have some irksome qualities, but it is a highly effective tool to reduce sweat production.

The difference between Over-the-Counter and Prescription Strength Topical Treatments

When determining whether or not a solution will be considered clinical strength (no prescription needed) or prescription strength, the deciding factor is the amount of the active aluminum ingredient in the treatment. Most prescription strength treatments use the same chemicals and formulas found in clinical strength treatments, just in higher percentages. Typically, a treatment requires a prescription if the active ingredient makes up more than 25% of the formula. However, this number can fluctuate a few percentage points depending on what specific active ingredient is being used to stop the sweat. Before trying a prescription strength solution, trying a clinical solution is often a good step. In case you are worried, it has been found that aluminum in antiperspirants does not cause cancer, as a viral email in the late 2000's once claimed. [1]

Specific Over the Counter Solutions to stop Hyperhidrosis

In addition to larger brands such as Dove and Degree that provide various kinds of general sweat support, there are several solutions created specifically to deal with excessive sweating and hyperhidrosis. Solutions such as Sweatblock, Carpe, and ZeroSweat, Certain Dri, and Duradry may be worth trying before attaining a prescription.

In addition to antiperspirant, some other over-the-counter products can also improve hyperhidrosis symptoms. For example, many people use foot powder in order to absorb extra moisture and soothe irritated skin. Foot powder can be used on other parts of the body besides feet as long as it is applied to other non-sensitive body parts. Baby powder can help with sweating by soaking up excessive mositure and preveting rub for those who struggle with sweat forming between skin creases. Some people wonder whether applying sunscreen will prevent sweating outside, but this appears to be unrelated. However, sunscreen is always an important part of any type of skin care routine.

Method 3: Make Your Home Work for You

In general, if you are already sweating, it is a good idea to stay in a cool place. Keeping your thermostat a little lower than average may help prevent some extra sweating and keep you more comfortable. You may also want to consider keeping small hand towels strategically placed around your house for those times that your hands are sweaty and you need a quick wipe down. Also, when you are at home wear comfortable, lightweight clothing to reduce excessive sweating and to keep yourself feeling fresh.

You want to be comfortable at night, so if night sweating is an issue for you, create an environment that suits your circumstances. Keep your room cool and dark and do your best to avoid stressful triggers before bedtime. Also, choose bedding that works for you. There are several types of sheets that may help from smart microfiber sheets to light cotton. Avoid heavy comforters that can suffocate skin.

When you are in the comfort of your own home you can wear clothes that are best suited to your own needs. If you have hyperhidrosis, this probably means wearing natural fibers and loose clothes that don't trap sweat. The best clothes for people with hyperhidrosis are made of materials like cotton, linen, or a moisture wicking material. It is also important to use sock materials that are best for sweaty feet like merino wool or moisture wicking fabric. Technology has improved over the last several years and mositure wicking fabrics have come a long way, especially for athletic socks. It is important that you feel comfortable in your own home and taking steps to tailor your environment to your own needs can make that a reality.

Sources

1. Pariser, D. M. (2014). Hyperhidrosis (4th ed., Vol. 32). Amsterdam: Elsevier Pub. Co., 2014. Retrieved
2. Scifers, James R, DScPT, PT, SCS,L.A.T., A.T.C., Lewandowski, Jeff, DPT, PT, SCS,A.T.C., M.T.C., O'Brien, Matthew, PhD, LAT, ATC, & Watts, Jay, RPh,F.A.C.A., F.A.C.V.P. (2013). Iontophoresis. Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, 5(3), 103-105. doi:http://dx.doi.org.proxy.lib.duke.edu/10.3928/19425864-20130509-03
3. Nordqvist, C. (2017, December 21). Hyperhidrosis: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Retrieved May 14, 2018,

Around the world, an estimated 365 million people suffer from hyperhidrosis. Hyperhidrosis is a condition that causes a person to sweat excessively for no apparent reason. Do you know how to tell if you have hyperhidrosis? [1]

A person without hyperhidrosis will sweat in reaction to environmental stimuli in order to regulate their body’s temperature. However, for people who have hyperhidrosis the underlying genetic (Primary Hyperhidrosis) or medical (Secondary Hyperhidrosis) circumstances that cause hyperhidrosis cause them to create an excessive amount of sweat. In most cases hyperhidrosis is not bad for your health, but symptoms can range in severity from simply uncomfortable to medically invasive. From sweaty hands that lead to embarrassing handshakes, to profuse sweating on the feet that can cause serious infections, hyperhidrosis poses a significant problem to individuals across all ages.[1]

Trying to figure out how to control sweating on your hands, feet, or other body parts? Although hyperhidrosis cannot be completely cured, several treatment options exist to help you control sweat caused by hyperhidrosis. For years, hyperhidrosis was largely overlooked by both the research and clinical branches of the medical profession. However, there are currently several treatments, procedures, and even surgeries, that are a result of increased research and development that can provide individuals with much needed relief.

How to Control Sweat with a Doctor

Fortunately, dermatologists stand prepared with a myriad of treatment options to help you learn how to control sweating. Dermatologists are the best doctors for treating hyperhidrosis as they have more specific knowledge than general practitioners.

Prescriptions

As the first line of defense, your dermatologist may write you a prescription for a topical cream ​or a pill. Topical creams typically include a sweat-blocking aluminum solution like aluminum chloride or aluminum sesquichlorohydrate. These solutions will reduce the amount of sweat that can exit your pores when applied to the skin on a specific problem area. Additionally, your doctor may prescribe an oral medication for hyperhidrosis like a pill series of pills known as anticholinergics. Anticholinergics like glycopyrrolate or oxybutynin stop a chemical called acetylcholine from reaching certain nerve receptors that are connected to sweat glands.[2] When these nerve receptors are blocked sweat glands receive fewer messages from the brain telling them to produce sweat. This decreases the amount of sweat a person produces and helps them control sweat production (a.k.a. they make less sweat).[1]

Iontophoresis

Iontophoresis is a treatment for palmar (hand) and plantar (foot) hyperhidrosis that involves running a mild electrical current into the body that temporarily stops sweat glands from producing sweat. [3] During iontophoresis sessions, the affected part of the body is placed in a pan of water. A mild electrical current is administered through the water over a 20 to 40 minute period. Iontophoresis sessions must occur on a regular basis (typically weekly) for them to be effective. It may take up to ten sessions before sweating is noticeably reduced.[3] Iontophoresis really does work, and many people have gotten significant sweat control from treatment. Since the affected part of the body must be submerged in water, iontophoresis works best when it’s used to alleviate sweaty hands and feet. For some, the process of iontophoresis may need to be altered in order to make iontophoresis more effective.

Surgery

If you can’t figure out how to control sweating by using prescription medication or iontophoresis, your dermatologist may recommend a surgical treatment for primary focal hyperhidrosis to reduce your sweating. These procedures range from minimally invasive measures, like botox treatment for hyperhidrosis, to significantly more invasive procedures such as an endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy​ or an endoscopic lumbar sympathectomy. Although invasive surgical intervention should only be attempted after less invasive methods have failed, surgery can provide significant relief for people with certain kinds of serious hyperhidrosis. [1]

How to Control Sweating at Home

Over the Counter Topical Treatments

Before seeking a prescription medicine to control sweat, you may want to try an over-the-counter topical treatment for hyperhidrosis. Wondering whether you should use an antiperspirant or deodorant? If you have hyperhidrosis, then you should definitely be using antiperspirant to control sweat. There are several over-the-counter creams and solutions that contain lower percentages of the same ingredients found in prescription creams. These can be purchased both online and in retail settings. Antiperspirants have the ability to prevent sweat from reaching the surface of the skin, unlike deodorant. Some people have a difficult time choosing the right antiperspirant, as there are so many options on the market. Getting recommendations from a dermatologist and understanding the active ingredients in each product can help. Some rumors have gone around the internet questioning whether antiperspirant is safe and, to date, no studies have found that antiperspirant is bad for your health. [1]

Iontophoresis Sessions at Home

Although iontophoresis sessions may be performed at a doctor’s office, many people opt to purchase their own iontophoresis machines and conduct iontophoresis treatments at home. [1]

The upfront cost of an iontophoresis machine is hundreds of dollars, but there are advantages to this method. These advantages include convenience, time saved, and eventual savings in cost from avoiding the pay-per-session model of doing iontophoresis in a doctor’s office.

Controlling Sweat with Non-Medical Methods

In addition to traditional medical approaches, there are ways to manage hyperhidrosis via alternative methods. People can ​make changes to their exercise routines, choice in clothing, and daily habits to reduce their sweat production.​ Athletic approaches, like yoga, can help alleviate sweat by relaxing the body. There are also anxiety reduction techniques that can be used to calm the nervous system and control sweat. Selecting clothing that is best for people who sweat excessively can make getting through the day more comfortable. This means choosing clothing that allows the body to breathe, always wearing dry socks, and alternating various pairs of shoes can help curb the effects of excessive sweat. It is also important to establish a consistent routine of applying antiperspirants at the same time each day.[4]

Use Clothing to Conceal and Control Sweat

What you wear can really make a difference! Wearing breathable fabrics can reduce sweating and allow for ventilation when it inevitably does occur. Clothes with good ventilation are made from cotton and natural fibers that are lightweight and airy. It can also be helpful to wear moisture-wicking workout clothes when appropriate. Make use of the wide array of products available on the market today. How you dress can make a big difference to your overall quality of life, especially during certain seasons. Here is how to dress in the summer for hyperhidrosis.

Use the color of your clothing to mask sweat throughout the day. This means wearing darker colors and bold patterns so that sweat stains are less visible. Specifically, colors like black, charcoal, pale pink and navy blue are all solid choices. Avoid wearing colors like light gray that make sweat stains more obvious. Bold patterns will also diffuse the appearance of sweat stains so try a plaid or floral design.

TThe shape of your clothing can prevent or greatly minimize outward stains. For women, think about wearing shirts with loose fitting armpits and flowy blouses. These are comfortable and will make it harder for moisture to reach your clothing. For men, consider wearing an absorbent undershirt to soak up moisture before it reaches the outer layer of your clothes. For all over sweating, loose clothing that does not cling to the skin is a must - think flowy dresses for women and loose-fit pants or shorts for men.

If you find that you are soaking through clothes daily then there is another solution available to control sweat. There are pads specifically made to soak up underarm sweat. These conveniently adhere to garments and can be used in cases where you know other measures may just not be enough. You can also use special powders on your feet to prevent moisture build up and irritation.

Sometimes sweat is just going to happen, so bring back up clothes! If you know you are going to be in a situation where sweating is inevitable, bring a change of clothes to keep in your car or bag. You can also keep a stash of helpful products like absorbent pads, antiperspirants, and a towel.

Protect Your Feet

Feet are the foundation of your body so it is essential to keep them dry and well cared for. There are several ways to stop excessive foot sweating . Try wearing shoes made of fabric as these are more breathable and less stifling. You should also invest in sock material that is good for sweaty feet, like moisture wicking socks that are lightweight, especially when working out![5] For those times when you must wear shoes that make you sweat you can try special sole inserts that soak up extra sweat and reduce slipping. Don’t let the skin on your feet become irritated as this can lead to wounds, infections, and many more preventable problems.[1]

Learn to Relax and Take Care of Your Body

Although hyperhidrosis is a physical condition, your emotional state can have an impact on how it affects you day to day. The more aroused your nervous system is the more likely you are to sweat excessively. There are a variety of techniques you can use to calm your mind and slow down your sweat. Some useful techniques include mindfulness, deep breathing, stretching, and exercises like yoga. All of these activities are grounding and give your mind and body a chance to slow down and reset. Relaxing activities can be used as both a preventative measure and as a way to control sweat once it’s begun.[4]

Another way you can control sweat is through your diet. What you eat and drink can help or hinder hyperhidrosis symptoms. Try to avoid triggers like spicy foods, fatty processed foods, alcohol, and caffeine. Spicy foods can trick your body into thinking your temperature is rising and highly processed foods are hard to digest and can increase sweating. Both alcohol and caffeine increase sweat production because of the way they work in the body. Also, it’s important to drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration and keep your body in a balanced state.[5]

Hyperhidrosis is manageable, and studies have found that hyperhidrosis is likely to get better with age, so find the things that make you feel better and enjoy your life. You are not alone and you can feel better!

Sources

1. Pariser, D. M. (2014). Hyperhidrosis (4th ed., Vol. 32). Amsterdam: Elsevier Pub. Co., 2014. Retrieved from https://www.elsevier.com/books/hyperhidrosis-an-issue-of-dermatologic-clinics/pariser/978-0-323-32607-0
2. Symposium on Anticholinergic Drug and Brain Functions in Animals,and Man. (1968). In Bradley P. B. (Ed.), Anticholinergic drugs and brain functions in animals and man Amsterdam, New York etc.] Elsevier Pub. Co., 1968. Retrieved from https://www.worldcat.org/title/anticholinergic-drugs-and-brain-functions-in-animals-and-man/oclc/681155628
3. Scifers, James R, DScPT, PT, SCS,L.A.T., A.T.C., Lewandowski, Jeff, DPT, PT, SCS,A.T.C., M.T.C., O'Brien, Matthew, PhD, LAT, ATC, & Watts, Jay, RPh,F.A.C.A., F.A.C.V.P. (2013). Iontophoresis. Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, 5(3), 103-105. doi:http://dx.doi.org.proxy.lib.duke.edu/10.3928/19425864-20130509-03 Retrieved from https://www.healio.com/orthopedics/journals/atshc/2013-5-5-3
4. Stress and Sweat: 10 Tips to Stay Cool Under Fire. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/stress#1
5. Doheny, K. (n.d.). When You Sweat Too Much. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/features/dont-sweat-it#1